ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

Case 01
(a) Has there been anything wrong in the reaction.
When studying this case study, it is understood that there is a wrong reaction which has been taken by the organization to eliminate the employees being unionized. As per the this case, there has been a movement to unionize by the employees to demand some rights but the organization has not taken step to solve the problem which caused for the unionize giving a proper solution. Other than finding a solution for the cause, the organization has tried to please the employees and the community with the present treatments given by the employer. In this situation the organization must understand the real problems of the employers and try to find a solution after having discussing with them. Here it has not been happened and instead of discussing the matter, the company has directly tried to neutralize the employers demand which lead for the unionization by using the advertisement and propaganda campaign to show it was not harassing the employees but that were pushing for a union..

(b) Has the management taken correct steps?
When analysing this cased study it is observed that management of this organization has not taken correct steps to solve this problem in correct way .Management should have taken steps to discuss this problem with the employees with the consideration of the causes which lead for the unionize. But the management has not taken steps and they have tried to cover up the bad image which occurred due to the unionize, by publishing the advertisement in the local news paper showing that they are not harassing the employers and trying to push out the union. Further action which has been taken by the company to eradicate the supporter of union is not fair. Putting up posters concentrating on the good aspect of the company is not provided a solution for the employers being unionized. It is only temporarily solution given to avoid the problem. Company must investigate the actual problem of the employers and should try to find solutions.
This management should investigate and identify the problem which leads for unionization because if the company management is in good order, the employees do not unionize. But management has failed to identify the problem till the employees unionized. Other thing is the management has not taken steps to have face to face discussion or dialog session with the union leaders to find a solution for the reason being unionized.

© Were both employer and employee reading the other’s intensions correctly?
When studying this case, it is understood that both the employer and the employees are less communicate among each other. That has dragged the problems since long period till the employee being unionized. As per the case, both the employer and the employee were not reading the other’s intension correctly. Because, the action and reaction which had been taken by the both parties had directly affected to the whole organization and the related people to the organization like stake holders, customers, suppliers, and government agents investors etc. In this case employer had not though about the employees and management had thought only for the outside influences mentioned above to minimize the damage which may come from external environmental souses due to this company expose to the open system. When considering about the employee side. They also had not thought about the other intension correctly. Any organization or any business, their main mission is to earn the profit giving or selling some goods or service and earn profit and to develop it further. But in this case the employee has directly gone for a union and tried to find a solution. But the employees would have though about the bad out come which arisen after being unionized .How it effect to the stake holders, share market ,customers, other sub dealers, company reputation, company production, government attitude etc must be thought before go for a union. Employee has not thought on that and they have gone for a union. Ultimately the company may fall down due to not thinking about the others intension correctly by the both the employees and the employer.









d. What would be the best way out?
The best way is to not to unionize by the employee s and find a solution after having some discussion with the employer and the employees. That will be a long lasting solution for the organization. When the both the employer and the employee are agreed the solution will be very strong and trade union may not arisen.
Other thing the managers should know how to managing this type of union and how to handle the situation without getting harm to the organization. Management can use or one or more of the following to avoid arising trade union or conflict among group of organization.

a. Problem solving – Face to face meeting with the employer and employees for the purpose of identifying the problem and resolving it through open discussion.
b. Super ordinate goals - Creating a shared goal that can not be attained without the cooperation of the each of the conflicting parties.
c. Expansion of resources – When a conflict is caused by the scarcity of a resource say money, office space, promotion opportunities, expansion of the resources can create a win-win solution.
d. Compromise - By convincing each party in the dispute to sacrifice something of value or some objectives.
e. Altering the human variable – Using behavioural changes technique such as human relation training, to alter attitudes and behaviour.
f. Altering the structural variable - Changing the organizational structure and the interaction pattern through job redesign, transfers and creating of coordinating position.






Case 02

a. Will the husband or wife do the house work and which will suit?

1. Today the many families have to decide whether both the husband and wife should work away from home to earn some extra money for their day today life and for future expenses. It is immaterial that whether husband or wife do the day today home work like cocking , cleaning ,washing ,attending children commitment etc. but both must have a proper plan to share their maximum time on behalf of the family needs and it will help to run their marriage smoothly, healthy and strongly.
2. Actually, is it required to work both the husband and wife away from home, it is questionable and answer will be vary form one to another. The modern world the requirement of individual and families will be very high according to their life style and the level of the living standard. Therefore, parent has to come to a conclusion before employing and has to consider whether the salary receiving from the job worth for the commitment which loose at home due to the employment.
4. However, it is very important that one parent must be at home to look after the family requirement and other family related matters. If the parent has small children, it is highly essential mother to be at home and attend the work like breast feeding, washing; ironing, cocking etc and some home work are much related to the wife than the husband. But in case of the parent does not have children or old relatives to look after, they have some room to work both parent.
5. Finally considering the facts mentioned above, it is highly recommended that mother should be at home to full fill the domestic requirement and also to function the family healthy, wealthy and peacefully without any problem. If it is really required to employ by the both the parent due to financial problem. Mother can start a job which can be done at home to earn some money and father can work away from the home.

b. Another problem that must be examined is the extra money created by both parent working versus overall family well-being. To reduce the effect of the stressors will the company work with the employees to find a schedule

1. When considering this case study, it is required to examine weather the time dedication for overall family well being worth versus the monotony benefits which is received from working away from the home and also has to think about the stress which created being away from the home.
2. To reduce the impact on this, parent has to consider the costs for children and aging dependents. Probably the biggest expenses are the child care. How much it costs depends on the kind of care you want for your children. Finding a child care that parent can trust, that child likes and that family can afford may be another biggest problem facing. Even if the family has not children, they may need to consider care for dependent relative, such as an aged parent living with the family. In addition to that lot of expenses may incur due to the out side work like extra money for meals ,no time for house keeping matters and outside person may be hired, Compulsory health insurance policies which relevant to the work. Transport charges ect. Parent has to calculate actual worth of these home commitment values and the benefits which gain from the job.

3. Working both parent away from the home, it is unavoidable thing that creating stress among the parent. Thought they work physical work at the work place but their mind may work thinking their family problem or any commitment at home. In this case study, it is questionable that the facilities and steps (remove shift work, flexible work time, communication facilities to contact with family members, counseling facilities) which have been taking from the company is sufficient to reduce the parent stress. In the company or work place point of view, how long these facilities can be affordable is another problem.
4. However, the companies are not possible to work out a proper plan to find an exact solution to reduce the stresses of the company workers but Company may adopt various method to minimize the stresses of individuals.
a. Some offices buy gifts for co-workers who get married or have a baby.
b. Send flowers or other forms of condolences when a family member of
Co-worker dies.
c. There may be a “courtesy fund” set up to cover these and other expenses
in any case.
d. Introduce none competitive exercise like jogging, swim, ride bicycles, arranges some games.
e. Introduce relaxation technique, such as meditation or biofeedback is used to control stress full situation.
f. Having friends, family or work colleagues to talk provide an outlet when stress level becomes excessive.
h. Enrich job either by improving job content factors (such as responsibility, recognition and opportunities for achievement
c. Stress does not have to be an unmanageable side effect of business. Discuss this statement.

1. In any organization or any business, the numerous factors may lead to create lot of tresses among the employer and the employees. Mainly the factors which effect to create stress can be created due to the unmanageable side effects of the business or the organization. But this is not totally true because the stress of any individual create not only due to the side effects of particular business but also due to the other external factors too.
2. In point of business view, the following factors can be taken in to consideration as the main factors which lead to create the stress. Mainly organizational policies, structure, physical conditions, and process.
3. As an examples, the inability of managing or getting decision on organizational policies such as pay inequities, performances reviews, inflexible rules, rotating work shifts, procedures, frequent relocation, job whether realistic or unrealistic etc. can cause job stress.
4. The unmanageable condition of a physical condition of a business also may effects to create the stress of the workers. For example such physical conditions as crowding and lack of privacy, excessive noise and heat, presence of toxic chemicals or radiation, air pollution, inadequate lighting can cause job stress. Some of these are manageable not whole but some extend but it is depending on the top level manager’s ability and the perception.
5. And also the organizational processors such as poor communication, poor feed back about the performances, conflicting goals, inadequate information, and inaccurate measurement of performances can cause the job stress. These are manageable and can be rectified if the organization need.
6. When considering the above facts it is revealed that most of the causes which effect to create the stresses can be manageable up to some extend but not all. Level of the stress of the individual varies due to the affection of internal environment of the business and the external souses like family related matters. Further, to reduce this stress condition, the organization can introduce lot method, like counselling, creating a supportive organizational climate, avoiding stress full situation ect.
Case -03
a. Explain to your friend the concepts such as MARS model of individual performance and type of work related behaviours are not common sense.
1. Motivation, Ability, Role perception, Situational factor is directly affected to the individual performances and behaviours of the employees of any organization. These factors can not be taken as the common sense because it can influence the individual voluntarily behaviours. When discussing this case, the MARS factors must be studied further to understand weather these are related to the common sense or not.
a. Motivation factor – Stephen P Robin a management Scholar has defined motivation as the willingness to achieve organizational goals, through a high level of employee effort. According to this definition if we motivate the employees we can drive them to achieve organizational goals by effort. Motivation is not a common sense because motivation of employees should be done by some one else to get the employers up to the management desired level. Some time the organization may experience inefficiency of employees, absenteeism, employees’ unrest, lateness etc but employer should have an ability to motivate them by using various motivation tactics like rewards, changing work condition, salary increment, Job security, career development, recognition, training and development etc.
b. Ability - Any one‘s ability can not be totally considered as the common sense. There is a relation between the common sense and the ability but the ability comes from the individual knowledge, skills, techniques, rights, attitudes and experience. Initially it should be learnt or educated from the outside sources. Ability of individual can not be considered as the common sense. Because the ability of individuals may influence the performances of the organization.
Efforts + ability +good environment lead for the high performances of the company. Ability may be vary individual to individual and can be improve by training,

c. Role perception - Abilities and skills of individual include both the physical psychological characteristics. For example dexterity, mental ability ctc. Role perception means individuals know how to direct their efforts towards completing the task effectively. A person performs well if he has clear role perception, necessary skills, abilities and motivation to exert enough effort. Further if a person has an incorrect role perception he might spend a large amount of his time in unproductive efforts which will not contribute to effective job performance. Relation between the common sense and the role perception is very less, because when achieving the organizational goals, individuals have to put their maximum efforts to make success the target with the help of their knowledge ability, training, etc.
d. Situational factors - Various situational factors which faced by the organization is vary from time to time and the situation to situation. The action taken by the individuals for each situation will be depend on the individuals capabilities, experience, knowledge and ability and role perception .Further in this situation the common sense also will be help to handle the some situation in addition to the factors mentioned above. But the situational factors are not totally defended on the common sense. It is combination of common sense and the individual capabilities.

b. Next, you will want to inform him about his misconceptions pertaining to organizational behaviour being opinion. Explain to your friend, there is a difference between an opinion and using research to improve the way things are viewed.

As per the case study, friend has a misconception pertaining to the organizational behaviour. As per the friend opinion he think that organizational behaviour is a normal day today activities of the organization and no need to do study or research for further improvement. But this is a wrong concept because he has come to this conclusion without positive knowledge on the organizational behaviour and the valid proof to prove the concept.
Organizational behaviour is not a normal activity of the organization. It is mainly functioned on the behaviour of the individual and groups within the organization and the interaction between the organization and the external environmental factors. .
In any organization needs research and development programme to uplift the existing standard of employers and employees of the organization. Then only the organization will go up and achieve its target. When doing research it is required to find the details of the particular subject and needs facts and figures and finally can come to the findings and recommendation which may suite for organization development. But the normal opinion of the friend regarding the organization will not suite because that can not be improve anything in the organization. Therefore using researchers are required to uplift the standard of the organization.





















Bibliography

1. Hartgroove,F,J (1990) Organization, communication &culture
2. Luthans Fred, (1989) Organizational behaviour
3. McGrath Joseph E,(1983) stress & Behaviour in Organization
4. Hodgetts R.M and Altman (1979) Organizational behaviour
5. Internet sauces